Tuesday, September 9, 2025

Suggested Tools

  • Standard desktop or laptop keyboard

Key Concepts

  • Any clickable element should also receive focus and be activated using the keyboard.
  • Element with focus should display a visible focus indicator.

Check Keyboard Operability

  • Use only the keyboard to perform all tasks
    • Use the TAB key to move from one interactive element to the next. Use Shift+TAB to move to the previous interactive element.
    • Use ENTER and SPACEBAR to activate interactive elements.
    • Use ESC or tab to a CLOSE button to close interactive elements.
  • An interactive element should display a visible indicator when it receives focus.
  • Activate all interactive elements using the spacebar or Enter key.
  • If an element produces a popup, modal window, overlay, or similar dynamic object, keyboard focus should remain within that object until the user closes the object.
  • Elements that expand when activated (e.g. accordions, fly-out menus, drop-down lists, etc.) should also collapse with a keyboard command.
  • Keyboard navigation should not become caught in a keyboard trap, where the user cannot tab or arrow away from a section or region of the interface.

Fail

  • No Skip Link
  • No visible focus
  • Unable to activate interactive element
  • Keyboard trap
  • Focus outside of modal dialog

Keyboard Access Resources